Cloisonne, historically known as the "enamels", commonly known as "copper padding wire enamels", is a copper tire type hanging oil painting from a thin flat copper wire device on a variety of decorative pattern, then the enamel glaze and filling of the material in the decorative pattern implements burn becomes. Fire metal enamel implement in the Ming royal families XFX when mature, and with blue for fundamental key, so he jumped off the cloisonne.
Wire inlay enamel mature in five or six century, spread to the Arab from Persia, east Roman empire, yuan dynasty from Arabic into China, the basic basis is "big food kiln" (for josiah Arab areas of China during the song and yuan period). According to Ming hongwu 21 years Cao Zhao "antiquities" records "administered in brass body, burning into the may flower, similar to Buddha lang embedded, common incense burner, vases, boxes, lamps and so on, but can use the woman in the attic," four inkstone, also the scholar-bureaucrat and kiln of ghost countries."
XFX son of emperor for description, it is said that oil painting reproductions he loved copper tire wire inlay enamel handicraft product, not only participate in the design of shape design, choose a color, even put the production workshop was built in the Forbidden City. This kind of copper padding wire enamels in making XFX years obtained the huge development, especially the blue pigment, had the new breakthrough, have light everything is nothing green sky blue, cobalt blue coloured glaze as dignified and rich sapphire blue sapphire, multi-level blue was used as the base, after burning into pure and fresh and elegant, noble beauty, formed a unique artistic style. Cloisonne has thus become the symbol of the process.
XFX all command display is made of cloisonne, wide variety, can all porcelain firing of artifacts, also not have enamels. The cloisonne * of the fire is almost chenghua period, so the cloisonne objects on XFX and chenghua two of the most common. Subsequent experience hongzhi, zhengde, jiajing, longqing, four in the continuation of fire, but all conformism, in terms of quality is not comparable to XFX and chenghua. To the qing dynasty qianlong period, cloisonne production ushered in the peak of it.
Cloisonne strict rules only royal emperor qianlong period can be used, only a small amount for raised more than 2 items to official and award given to greatness monk, temple for worship. This period of cloisonne color compared with the Ming dynasty, the pursuit of gorgeous, decorative complex, festive and auspicious patterns and rich subject matter, widely used in the vessels of the decoration of the palace with practical production. Be especially pointed out that I have some agency have kangxi, YongZhengNian copper wire inlay enamel wares, through careful fastidious we custom oil painting find and qianlong when fire implements is no different, in fact should be made in qianlong wire inlay enamels on department of kangxi, yongzheng years, is not really Kang Yongchao fire.
Cloisonne enamel of () the collection of the collector has been occupies an important position in the heart, since ancient times have "collection without cloisonne, hidden to the best of the world also in vain", this shows one spot. Cloisonne of Ming and qing dynasties, such as colored enamel is particularly popular, appeared frequently in the auction must sky-high, arts and crafts master of modern cloisonne collection in recent years is still in the hollow point, therefore has a great appreciation of space.
Cloisonne main production process:
The first step:
Step 2: system of tire
Padding making is to use good ductility copper sheet materials according to the designed drawings in advance, after cutting the pounding out a different style of copper, the production process from beginning to end all can be done by hand.
Step 3: wire inlay
Padding cloisonne is made of copper, the thread is the main production process. Wire inlay technique, skill is clever, all by the operator of a pair of hands and skillful techniques, creating choke ACTS the role of wit and verve and vivid images, but it is not easy.
Step 4: blue
Point was marked in accordance with the design of color, blue with spatula shape made of copper hammer tools, a spade spade to fill into the welded wire grain gap.
Step 5: mana burn
Is to fill the whole tire body glaze, to about 800 degrees Celsius temperature of blast furnace in the charred, glaze melt into liquid by sand granular solid, after being cooled to become fixation on the tire body gorgeous glaze, typically four or five times in a row, until the tick to and choke silking flat pattern.
Step 6: polishing
Glazed smooth with coarse sand, such as the potholes of glaze has sunken under repair point again glaze, after burning fuse burning bright with fine stone mill, then use the Yellowstone, grinding, if there is any of you still want to use glaze burning up, finally with carbon grinding, grinding fine as a whole.
In addition to the above process, cloisonne production including metallurgy, casting, painting, ceramics, vulture art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art art chisel, hammer, Mosaic and so on a variety of craft, so its beauty is not accidental, masses of working people is the accumulation of sweat and wisdom is made and be become.
No comments:
Post a Comment